1. What is the Impulse-Momentum Theorem?

The Impulse-Momentum Theorem states that the impulse applied to an object is equal to the change in its momentum. The equation J = m × a × t relates impulse (J) to mass (m), acceleration (a), and time (t).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the impulse-momentum equation:

Where:

• \( J \) — Impulse (N·s)
• \( m \) — Mass (kg)
• \( a \) — Acceleration (m/s²)
• \( t \) — Time duration (s)

Explanation: The equation shows that impulse is the product of mass, acceleration, and the time over which the acceleration is applied.

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Calculating impulse is crucial in physics and engineering for understanding collisions, rocket propulsion, sports mechanics, and safety systems like airbags.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter mass in kilograms, acceleration in meters per second squared, and time in seconds. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between impulse and momentum?
A: Momentum is mass times velocity (p = mv), while impulse is the change in momentum (J = Δp = FΔt = maΔt).

Q2: What are typical impulse values?
A: Impulse values vary widely - from small values like 0.1 N·s (golf swing) to large values like 1000 N·s (car crash).

Q3: How is impulse related to force?
A: Impulse equals average force multiplied by time (J = F × t). This shows why longer impact times reduce peak forces.

Q4: What are real-world applications?
A: Used in designing crumple zones in cars, athletic equipment, and any system where forces act over time intervals.

Q5: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, when the force direction opposes the initial motion, the impulse is negative, indicating momentum reduction.