1. What is Joule Heating?

Joule heating (also known as resistive or ohmic heating) describes the process where the energy of an electric current is converted into heat as it flows through a resistance. This phenomenon is fundamental in many electrical devices.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Joule heating equation:

Where:

• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
• \( R \) — Resistance in ohms (Ω)
• \( t \) — Time in seconds (s)
• \( m \) — Mass in kilograms (kg)
• \( c \) — Specific heat capacity in J/kg·K
• \( \Delta T \) — Temperature change in kelvin (K)

Explanation: The equation calculates the temperature rise caused by electrical energy being converted to thermal energy in a material.

3. Importance of Temperature Calculation

Details: Calculating temperature rise is crucial for designing electrical components, preventing overheating, and ensuring safe operation of electrical systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in the specified units. Current, resistance, time, mass, and specific heat must all be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between current and heating?
A: Heating is proportional to the square of the current (I²), so doubling current quadruples the heat generated.

Q2: Why does mass affect temperature change?
A: More mass requires more energy to raise its temperature, as heat capacity is directly proportional to mass.

Q3: What are typical specific heat values?
A: Water: ~4186 J/kg·K, Copper: ~385 J/kg·K, Aluminum: ~900 J/kg·K, Air: ~1005 J/kg·K.

Q4: Does this account for heat loss?
A: No, this calculates ideal temperature rise assuming no heat loss to surroundings.

Q5: What's the difference between K and °C in this context?
A: A temperature change of 1 K is equal to 1°C, as the scale interval is identical.