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Longitudinal Stress Equation:
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Longitudinal stress (σₗ) is the stress acting along the length of a cylindrical pressure vessel. It's one of the two primary stresses in pressure vessels, along with circumferential (hoop) stress. The longitudinal stress is typically half the magnitude of the hoop stress.
The calculator uses the longitudinal stress equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation calculates the stress acting along the axis of a cylindrical pressure vessel due to internal pressure.
Details: Calculating longitudinal stress is crucial for designing safe pressure vessels, piping systems, and other cylindrical structures subjected to internal pressure. It helps determine if the wall thickness is sufficient to withstand the applied pressure.
Tips: Enter pressure in Pascals (Pa), diameter and thickness in meters (m). All values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the longitudinal stress in Pascals.
Q1: How does longitudinal stress differ from hoop stress?
A: Longitudinal stress acts along the length of the cylinder, while hoop stress acts circumferentially. Hoop stress is typically twice as large as longitudinal stress.
Q2: What are typical units for these calculations?
A: While we use SI units (Pa, m) here, engineering often uses MPa for stress and mm for dimensions. Always ensure unit consistency.
Q3: When is this equation valid?
A: The equation is valid for thin-walled pressure vessels where D/t > 20. For thick-walled vessels, more complex equations are needed.
Q4: What safety factors should be considered?
A: Engineering design typically includes safety factors of 2-4 depending on the application and material properties.
Q5: How does material choice affect the calculation?
A: While this calculator computes stress, material properties (yield strength, ultimate strength) determine whether the stress is acceptable.