1. What is Rolling Resistance Force?

The rolling resistance force (F_rr) is the force resisting the motion when a body (like a tire) rolls on a surface. It's a critical factor in vehicle efficiency and energy consumption.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Michelin rolling resistance equation:

Where:

• \( F_{rr} \) — Rolling resistance force (N)
• \( C_{rr} \) — Coefficient of rolling resistance (dimensionless)
• \( m \) — Mass of the vehicle or object (kg)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)

Explanation: The equation calculates the force needed to overcome the rolling resistance based on the object's weight and the surface characteristics.

3. Importance of Rolling Resistance Calculation

Details: Calculating rolling resistance is essential for vehicle design, fuel efficiency analysis, and understanding energy losses in transportation systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the rolling resistance coefficient (typically 0.01-0.015 for car tires on concrete), mass in kilograms, and gravity (default is 9.81 m/s²). All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical C_rr values for different surfaces?
A: Car tires on concrete: 0.010-0.015, truck tires: 0.006-0.01, bicycle tires: 0.002-0.005.

Q2: How does tire pressure affect rolling resistance?
A: Higher pressure generally reduces rolling resistance up to a point, but too high can increase vibration losses.

Q3: Why is Michelin's approach significant?
A: Michelin has developed advanced tire technologies that significantly reduce rolling resistance while maintaining safety and performance.

Q4: How does rolling resistance affect fuel economy?
A: Reducing rolling resistance by 10% can improve fuel economy by about 1-2% in passenger vehicles.

Q5: What other factors affect rolling resistance?
A: Tire design, material, temperature, speed, road surface, and load all influence rolling resistance.