1. What is the Mirror Formula?

The mirror formula is a fundamental equation in optics that relates the focal length (f) of a spherical mirror to the object distance (u) and image distance (v). It is used to calculate any one of these values when the other two are known.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the mirror formula:

Where:

• \( f \) — Focal length of the mirror (m)
• \( v \) — Image distance from mirror (m)
• \( u \) — Object distance from mirror (m)

Explanation: The formula shows the inverse relationship between the focal length and the sum of the inverses of the object and image distances.

3. Sign Convention

Details: For concave mirrors, focal length (f) is negative. For convex mirrors, f is positive. Real images have positive v, virtual images have negative v. Object distance (u) is always negative as per standard sign convention.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter any two known values (leave one field empty) to calculate the third. Remember to use proper sign convention based on mirror type and image nature.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between concave and convex mirrors?
A: Concave mirrors curve inward and can form real or virtual images. Convex mirrors curve outward and always form virtual, diminished images.

Q2: How does focal length affect the image?
A: Shorter focal lengths produce greater magnification. The focal length determines the mirror's power to converge or diverge light.

Q3: What is a virtual image?
A: A virtual image appears to be behind the mirror and cannot be projected on a screen. It's formed when reflected rays appear to diverge from a point.

Q4: Can this formula be used for both concave and convex mirrors?
A: Yes, but proper sign convention must be followed. Concave mirrors have negative f, convex have positive f.

Q5: What is the magnification formula?
A: Magnification (m) = -v/u, where negative sign indicates inverted image when positive.