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Uncharged Atoms Principle:
In uncharged atoms, protons = electrons
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The fundamental principle that in uncharged (neutral) atoms, the number of protons (atomic number, Z) equals the number of electrons (N). This maintains electrical neutrality in the atom.
The calculator uses the simple relationship:
Where N is number of electrons and Z is atomic number
Explanation: In neutral atoms, the positive charge of protons is exactly balanced by the negative charge of electrons.
Details: The atomic number (Z) determines an element's identity and its position in the periodic table. Knowing Z allows prediction of electron configuration and chemical properties.
Tips: Simply enter the atomic number (Z) of any element (1-118 for known elements). The calculator will return the number of electrons in a neutral atom of that element.
Q1: Does this apply to ions?
A: No, this only applies to neutral atoms. Ions have unequal numbers of protons and electrons.
Q2: What about isotopes?
A: Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons and (in neutral atoms) electrons.
Q3: Why is atomic number called Z?
A: The symbol Z comes from the German word "Zahl" meaning number, referring to the number of protons.
Q4: What's the maximum atomic number?
A: As of 2023, the highest confirmed atomic number is 118 (Oganesson), but theoretical elements may exist beyond this.
Q5: How does this relate to the periodic table?
A: Elements are arranged in the periodic table by increasing atomic number, which determines their properties.