1. What is XOR Operation?

The XOR (exclusive OR) operation is a logical operation that outputs true only when inputs differ. For numbers, it's a bitwise operation that compares each bit of two numbers.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator performs XOR operation on all input numbers:

Example: 5 XOR 3 = 6 (in binary: 101 XOR 011 = 110)

3. Properties of XOR

• Commutative: A ⊕ B = B ⊕ A
• Associative: A ⊕ (B ⊕ C) = (A ⊕ B) ⊕ C
• Identity element: A ⊕ 0 = A
• Self-inverse: A ⊕ A = 0

4. Using the Calculator

Instructions: Enter numbers separated by commas (e.g., "5, 3, 6"). The calculator will compute the XOR of all numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is XOR used for?
A: XOR is used in cryptography, error detection, and various algorithms for its unique properties.

Q2: Can I XOR non-integer numbers?
A: The calculator converts inputs to integers before performing the operation.

Q3: What happens if I enter an empty input?
A: The result will be 0 (the identity element for XOR).

Q4: Is XOR the same as addition?
A: No, though it's sometimes called "addition without carry" in binary.

Q5: Can XOR be used for encryption?
A: Yes, XOR is fundamental in many encryption algorithms, especially when combined with other operations.