1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula (M₁V₁ = M₂V₂) relates the concentrations and volumes of a solution before and after dilution. It's based on the principle that the amount of solute remains constant during dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution formula:

Where:

• \( M_1 \) — Initial molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( M_2 \) — Final molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The formula calculates the new concentration after adding solvent to a solution, keeping the amount of solute constant.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential for preparing solutions of desired concentrations in chemistry, biology, medicine, and various industrial applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all three values (M₁, V₁, V₂) in their respective units. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the final molarity (M₂).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, as long as V₁ and V₂ are in the same units. The calculator currently uses liters (L).

Q2: What if I need to calculate a different variable?
A: The same formula can be rearranged to solve for any variable: M₁ = M₂V₂/V₁, V₁ = M₂V₂/M₁, or V₂ = M₁V₁/M₂.

Q3: Does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Temperature affects solution volume slightly, but for most practical purposes at constant temperature, the formula is accurate.

Q4: Can this be used for serial dilutions?
A: Yes, but you would need to perform the calculation sequentially for each dilution step.

Q5: What's the difference between dilution and concentration?
A: Dilution is the process of reducing concentration by adding solvent, while concentration is the reverse process (removing solvent or adding solute).