1. What is the Merck Formula?

The Merck formula is a fundamental equation in chemistry that calculates the molarity (M) of a solution based on the mass of the solute (m), its molecular weight (MW), and the volume of the solution (V). It provides a precise way to prepare solutions of known concentration.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Merck formula:

Where:

• \( M \) — Molarity (mol/L)
• \( m \) — Mass of solute (g)
• \( MW \) — Molecular weight of solute (g/mol)
• \( V \) — Volume of solution (L)

Explanation: The formula calculates how many moles of solute are present per liter of solution, which is the definition of molarity.

3. Importance of Molarity Calculation

Details: Accurate molarity calculations are essential for preparing solutions in laboratories, conducting chemical reactions with precise stoichiometry, and performing quantitative analyses.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter mass in grams, molecular weight in g/mol, and volume in liters. All values must be positive numbers. For best accuracy, use precise measurements.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between molarity and molality?
A: Molarity is moles per liter of solution (M), while molality is moles per kilogram of solvent (m).

Q2: How do I find the molecular weight of a compound?
A: Sum the atomic weights of all atoms in the molecule. For example, NaCl = 22.99 (Na) + 35.45 (Cl) = 58.44 g/mol.

Q3: Can I use milliliters for volume?
A: The formula requires liters. Convert mL to L by dividing by 1000 (e.g., 500 mL = 0.5 L).

Q4: What if my solute is a hydrate?
A: Include the water molecules in the molecular weight calculation (e.g., CuSO₄·5H₂O).

Q5: How precise should my measurements be?
A: For analytical work, measure mass to at least 4 significant figures and use volumetric flasks for precise volume measurements.