1. What is Molarity Dilution?

Molarity dilution refers to the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent. The dilution equation (M₁V₁ = M₂V₂) shows that the product of molarity and volume before dilution equals the product after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( M_1 \) — Initial molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume after dilution (L)
• \( M_2 \) — Final molarity after dilution (mol/L)

Explanation: The equation maintains that the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution, only the concentration changes.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in laboratory work, pharmaceutical preparations, and chemical manufacturing to achieve desired solution concentrations.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in the correct units (mol/L for molarity, L for volume). All values must be positive numbers. The final volume (V₂) must be greater than or equal to the initial volume (V₁).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different volume units?
A: The calculator uses liters (L) for consistency. Convert your volumes to liters before entering (1 L = 1000 mL).

Q2: What if my final volume is less than initial volume?
A: This would represent concentration, not dilution. The equation still works mathematically but may not represent a physically meaningful dilution.

Q3: Does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Temperature affects solution volume but not the moles of solute. For precise work, account for temperature-dependent volume changes.

Q4: Can I dilute to any concentration?
A: Practically, there are limits based on solubility and detection limits of analytical methods.

Q5: How precise should my measurements be?
A: Precision depends on your application. For analytical work, use volumetric glassware and measure to at least 3 significant figures.